دراسات في التراث البصري (فن العمارة الإسلامية في مسجد البصرة نموذجاً من(13هـ/ 132 هـ حتى1442هـ/749م)

The mosque is considered a center for religious features and the icon of the city. It is viewed as the spiritual heart in it. Not only it lies in the middle of Basra, but also, it mediates the Islamic religious thought as it is its first pole. The mosque was the place that Islamic laws were taught. Some historians have described it as (the first building block of social and religious structure). Because, it is a device to mix the believers in Islam into an intellectual unity through circles, judiciary, worship, buying and selling and holding various occasThe Basra Mosque (Al-Jamaa) is considered one of the most prominent urban institutions in the city of Basra after it was built by Utbah bin qazwan by order of Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) in the year (14 AH / 636 AD), as it was built with primitive and simple building materials from reeds and then rebuilding it In the Wilayat of Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari over the city of Basra in the year (16-19 AH / 638-650AD), he built the mosque from mud,ions. and when Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (41-60 AH / 661- 679 CE) used Ziyad bin Abe’s over the city of Basra, Also, many increases in the wall of the mosque, and it was built with plaster and its roof with teak The mosque masters were brought from a mountain in the Ahwaz called Qaqaaan. It seems that Ziad Ibn his father was clearly influenced by Persian buildings and tried to transfer that to the Islamic civilization. After Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) became the ruler of Persia. The (Al-Jama) mosque in Islamic cities in general and Basra in particular has a religious and social significance because it is where people of different colors meet to perform the duty ofprayer and worship, and to declare obedience to God Almighty indicates the bonding of Muslims, and being one of the centers of education andalso was an important administrative center in managing the affairs of the city.

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