"The Use of the Golden Section in the Great Mosque at Kairouan "

This paper undertakes a geometrical and a numerical analysis of some architectural drawings of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Tunisia. This mosque was founded around the year 670 A.D.; it is the first mosque in North Africa and the most famous one. However, it has a scattered building history. Archaeological research provides detailed evidence that this mosque went through many transformations and additions before it acquired its present form [Ettinghaussen and Grabar 1987], but discussion about the dating of the different periods of evolution of this mosque seems to end in a confrontation between the different historians and archaeologists. No shared agreement exists about the periods of transformation and the work that took place in each of them. The aim of this study is to try to find whether a common shared way of design that links some elements together exists, despite the many phases that this mosque went through. The geometrical analysis conducted reveals very clearly a consistent application of the golden section. This principle governs the mosque’s spatial organisation, as well as that of some of the architectural elements, such as the minaret. The geometric technique of construction of the golden section seems to have determined the major decisions of the spatial organisation. The golden section appears repeatedly in some part of the building measurements. It is found in the overall proportion of the plan and in the dimensioning of the prayer space, the court, and the minaret. The existence of the golden section in some parts of Kairouan mosque indicates that the elements designed and generated with this principle may have been realised at the same period. This suggests and opens the possibility for further inquiry into the dating of the transformations that took place in this mosque. 

Bonner2016_Article_TheHistoricalSignificanceOfThe.pdf